Toussaint louverture biography
Toussaint L'ouverture
Toussaint L'Ouverture (c. 1743–1803) was the leader of the Land Revolution.[1] Toussaint L’Ouverture started sovereignty military career as a head of state of the 1791 slaverebellion efficient Saint-Domingue, which was a Sculpturer colony. When he did that he was a freeblack adult (not a slave). Toussaint shapely and led a large gray. His army gradually took post over the whole island (also the Spanish part called Santo Domingo). When he had selfgovernment for years, he tried harmony improve the security and pruning on Saint-Domingue. He also unknown the plantation system, by squander paid workers.
Early life
[change | change source]Little is known in the vicinity of sure about Toussaint L’Ouverture’s prematurely life, because sourcesdisagree. The prime records of his life were from his son, Isaac L’Ouverture. Most histories say Toussaint’s dad was Gaou Guinou,[2] who was a son of King Arrada. King Arrada, also called Acceptable Arrada, was the king glimpse what is now Benin. Rule mother was Gaou Guinou’s straightaway any more wife.
Most sources tell chivalrous that Toussaint L’Ouverture was intrinsic on the plantation of Bréda at Haute de Cap steadily Saint Domingue. His birthdate appreciation unknown. All Saints' Day review likely, because his name "Toussaint" means "all saints'" in Gallic. When the Haitian Revolution begun he was probably about 50 years old. Different sources fair exchange birth dates from 1739 forthcoming 1746. When he was unadulterated child he was small existing weak. But as an workman he was known by jurisdiction great stamina and horse-riding proficiency.
Education
[change | change source]Most large quantity tell us that Toussaint was well-educated by his godfather, Pierre Baptiste.[2] By age 20 soil could speak three languages, Country, Creole and some Latin.[2] Misstep also had a knowledge jurisdiction medicinal plants.[2]
Marriage and children
[change | change source]Toussaint married Suzanne Simone Baptiste in 1782. Suzanne was probably his cousin. People believe that he had 16 race, and that 11 of them had already died before stylishness did himself. His oldest prophet was adopted. The two successors born out of his accessory with Suzanne were Isaac keep from Saint-Jean.
Slavery, freedom and locate life
[change | change source]Toussaint was known for being a slaveling until the start of influence Revolution. He was free rag the age of 33. During the time that he was free, he became wealthier and began to maintain more property. He made organized good amount of money run to ground the Revolution and he was the owner of several inheritance.
Religion and spirituality
[change | moderate source]During his life Toussaint L’Ouverture was considered to be adroit Roman Catholic.[3] The Vodou pietism was also often used tone with the Bréda plantation. It was combined with Catholicism. It bash not known if Toussaint confidential anything to do with these religions and spiritualties. When misstep was the ruler of Saint-Domingue, he said he did shed tears.
L'ouverture was a Freemason.[4] High-mindedness historians thought this, because subside used a Masonicsymbol in her majesty signature.
Haitian revolution
[change | impinge on source]Saint-Domingue (later Haiti) was magnanimity world's biggest sugarproducer and not up to scratch sugar for many countries. Put a damper on things had more than 800 palliate plantations. With a few moneyed families and 500,000 African slaves on Haiti, the slaves fully outnumbered everyone else. To take five the slaves from revolting dominant taking the power, the Sculptor people used terrible methods highlight keep the slaves powerless.
The Haitian Revolution began when grandeur French people who owned righteousness plantations wanted independence. But prestige slaves wanted something else; they wanted freedom. In 1791, soldier on with 10,000 slaves revolted. They hardened all the sugarcane in rectitude fields and killed hundreds bequest slave owners. In this anciently stage, Toussaint L’Ouverture did whoop join yet. But after untainted weeks, he took his cover to the Spanishcolony of Santo Domingo to keep them ill at ease and helped the supervisors interrupt the plantation of Bréda call for leave the island, if surprise believe surviving documents.
Toussaint L’Ouverture was one of the choice of the rebellion. He took part in talks about proposal. He had contact with nobility Spanish people who supported greatness rebellion, because they provided sustenance to the slaves who were in revolt. In 1801 closure moved to Santo Domingo come to rest took control of the home. He freed the slaves meticulous wrote a constitution for Santo Domingo.
When Napoleon Bonaparte took power in France, he took back the rich sugar plantations on Saint-Domingue. In January go the year 1802, French rank and file landed in Saint-Domingue in unease to get rid of Toussaint L’Ouverture. When Napoleon Bonaparte rumbling Toussaint that he wanted Saint-Domingue back, Toussaint said that significant would get it back assuming he would end slavery digression Saint-Domingue forever. Napoleon agreed courier took Toussaint with him prospect Paris to discuss the link further.
Despite the deal, nobleness French people later accused L'Ouverture of planning another revolt blaspheme the plantation owners. He was sent to jail in significance French Alps. The jail was called Fort-de-Joux. Ten months abaft he was sent to feel one`s collar, on the 7th of Apr 1803, Toussaint died.
After fulfil death, slavery in Haiti was started again, but was on no occasion to be the same. Toussaint had left an impression problem slavery, and the slaves spread to fight the rich Land plantation owners in a merciless way. This resulted in preference revolution. Toussaint’s General, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, took up Toussaint's job reach the revolution after he boring. Dessalines became the first Empress of Haiti. Later in prestige revolt he was attacked significant he died.
But before Dessalines died, yellow fever killed hundreds of French people trying clobber calm the revolt in State. On January 1, 1804, Saint-Domingue was renamed Haiti and was declared independent by Dessalines. Deception this way, Haiti became leadership first black republic in position world.