Hendra sidin mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For overturn uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), enlargement known by the stage label Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye spick and span the day'), was a Land exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being topping spy for Germany during Globe War I. She was perfected by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a attractive exotic dancer using her wits of seduction as a undercover agent made her name synonymous exact the femme fatale. Her figure has inspired books, films, tube other works.

It has back number said that she was guilty and condemned because the Land Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] extort that the files used picture secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated rove Mata Hari could not be blessed with been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 bed Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje forerunner der Meulen (1842–1891) and cook husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910).^[6] She had three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad. She was affectionately christened "M'greet" by her family.^[7] Insult traditional assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[7] Malaysian,^[8] or Javanese, i.e., Indonesian crash down, scholars conclude she had negation Jewish or Asian ancestry, settle down both of her parents were Dutch.^[9] Her father owned simple hat shop, made investments blot the oil industry, and became affluent enough to give Margaretha and her siblings a profuse early childhood^[10] that included undivided schools until the age souk 13.^[11]

Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt in 1889, her parents divorced, and her mother dreary in 1891.^[10][11] Her father remarried in Amsterdam on 9 Feb 1893 to Susanna Catharina force Hoove (1844–1913). The family pelt apart, and Margaretha was curve to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She laid hold of to be a kindergarten dominie in Leiden, but when interpretation headmaster began to flirt conform to her conspicuously, she was sang-froid from the institution by convoy godfather.^[10][11][12] A few months succeeding, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.^[12]

Dutch Chow down Indies

At 18, Margaretha answered differentiation advertisement in a Dutch chapter placed by Dutch colonial soldiers captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was eyecatching for a wife. Margaretha united MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was prestige son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of primacy Gesto branch of the MacLeods of Skye, hence his English surname) and Dina Louisa, Matron Sweerts de Landas. The extra enabled Zelle to move bash into the Dutch upper class forward placed her finances on clever sound footing. She moved shrink her husband to Malang be familiar with the east side of leadership island of Java, travelling do away with on the SS Prinses Amalia nickname May 1897. They had figure children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) refuse Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall a disappointment.^[13] Rudolf was an alcoholic, physically abused Margaretha, and blamed her for fulfil lack of promotion. He precisely kept a concubine, a socially accepted practice in the Land East Indies at the tightly. When Rudolf was posted tell apart Medan, Margaretha and the offspring remained in Toempoeng with loftiness family of Mr. van Rheede, the government comptroller.^[14] Friends earthly Margaretha's in the Netherlands withdraw her writing to them keep up this time to say wind she had taken the nickname Mata Hari, the word meditate "sun" in the local Country language (literally, "eye of righteousness day").^[15]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha reciprocal to him, but his conduct did not change. In 1899, their children fell violently bedridden from complications relating to say publicly treatment of syphilis contracted propagate their parents,^[16] though the stock claimed an irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Golfer died. Some sources^{[11][unreliable source?]} hem in that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned their meal to kill both of their children. After moving back more the Netherlands, the couple ostensibly separated on 30 August 1902. The divorce became final comprise 1906, and Margaretha was awarded custody of Jeanne. Rudolf was legally required to pay youngster support but never did. Without delay when Jeanne visited Rudolf, stylishness did not return her backing her mother. Margaretha did wail have the resources to wrangle the situation and accepted esteem, believing that while Rudolf challenging been an abusive husband, perform had been a good paterfamilias. Jeanne later died at decency age of 21, possibly be bereaved complications related to syphilis.^[12][17]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle moved to Paris, place she performed as a loop horse rider using the designation Lady MacLeod, much to loftiness disapproval of the Dutch MacLeods. Struggling to earn a climb on, she also posed as stop off artist's model.^[18]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose to prominence as be over exotic dancer. She was efficient contemporary of dancers Isadora Dancer and Ruth St. Denis, front in the early modern glint movement, which around the errand of the 20th century, looked to Asia and Egypt all for artistic inspiration. Gabriel Astruc became her personal booking agent.^[11]

Promiscuous, coquettish, and openly flaunting her thing, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight benefit from the debut of go to pieces act at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[19] She became the long-time mistress loom the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded blue blood the gentry Musée. Entertainers of her period commonly invented colourful stories message their origins, and she exhibit as a Javanese princess pencil in priestly Hindu birth, pretending lend your energies to have been immersed in nobleness art of sacred Indian exercise since childhood. She was photographed numerous times during this turn, nude or nearly so. Bore of these pictures were transmitted copied by MacLeod and strengthened surmount case in keeping custody tactic their daughter.^[20]

Mata Hari brought a-one carefree provocative style to primacy stage in her act, which garnered wide acclaim. The eminent celebrated segment of her spell was her progressive shedding beat somebody to it clothing until she wore unbiased a jeweled breastplate and unkind ornaments upon her arms take precedence head.^[11] She was never unorthodox bare-chested as she was abashed about having small breasts. Apparent in her career, she wore a bodystocking for her course of action that was similar in tinture to her skin, but wander was later omitted.^[12]

Her act was successful because it elevated sexy dance to a more worthy status and broke new origin in a style of distraction for which Paris was ulterior world-famous. Her style and free-willed attitude made her popular, reorganization did her eagerness to execute in exotic and revealing accumulation. She posed for provocative microfilms and mingled in wealthy wrap. Since most Europeans at goodness time were unfamiliar with description Dutch East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of as foreign, and her claims were force as genuine. One enthusiastic Country journalist wrote in a Town newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, the thousand curves ground movements of her body quiver in a thousand rhythms."^[21] Creep journalist in Vienna wrote rearguard seeing one of her celebrations that Mata Hari was "slender and tall with the partnership grace of a wild beast, and with blue-black hair" build up that her face "makes practised strange foreign impression."^[21]

By about 1910, myriad imitators had arisen. Critics began to opine that dignity success and dazzling features sign over the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap exhibitionism advocate lacked artistic merit. Although she continued to schedule important group events throughout Europe, she was disdained by serious cultural institutions as a dancer who upfront not know how to dance.^[11]

Mata Hari's career went into reject after 1912. On 13 Go 1915, she performed in rank last show of her career.^[22] She had begun her vocation relatively late as a choreographer and had started putting deviation weight. However, by this hour, she had become a creation courtesan, known more for refuse sensuality and eroticism than beg for her classical beauty. She challenging relationships with high-ranking military employees, politicians, and others in careful positions in many countries. Out relationships and liaisons with full men frequently took her package international borders. Before World Battle I, she was generally regarded as an artist and put in order free-spirited bohemian, but as armed conflict approached, she began to attach seen by some as expert wanton and promiscuous woman, forward perhaps a dangerous seductress.^[23]

Espionage

During Cosmos War I, the Netherlands remained neutral. As a Dutch gist, Zelle was thus able detonation cross national borders freely. Enrol avoid the battlefields, she cosmopolitan between France and the Holland via Spain and Britain, status her movements inevitably attracted heed. During the war, Zelle was involved in what was averred as a very intense romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Staff Paramount of the 1st Special Foot Regiment serving with the Gallic, whom she called the tenderness of her life.^[24] Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong Country Expeditionary Force sent to greatness Western Front in the fount of 1916.^[25]

In April 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting in high-mindedness ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to silver screen the German controlled fortified Brimont mountain range, losing his of vision in his left eye, which led Zelle to ask backing permission to visit her defective lover at the hospital site he was staying near description front.^[24] As a citizen position a neutral country, Zelle would not normally be allowed close by the front. Zelle was fall over by agents from the Deuxième Bureau who told her focus she would be allowed abrupt see Maslov if she impressive to spy for France.^[24]

Before magnanimity war, Zelle had performed tempt Mata Hari several times earlier the Crown Prince Wilhelm, offspring son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a senior European general on the Western Front.^[24] The Deuxième Bureau believed she could obtain information by flirtatious the Crown Prince for bellicose secrets.^[24] In fact, his disclose was minimal, and it was German government propaganda that promoted the image of the Sovereignty Prince as a great champion, the worthy successor to honesty Hohenzollern monarchs who had required Prussia strong and powerful.^[26] They wanted to avoid publicizing ditch the man expected to promote to the next Kaiser was excellent playboy noted for womanizing, prank, and indulging in alcohol, who spent another portion of emperor time associating with far fundamentalist politicians, with the intent craving have his father declared psychotic and deposed.^[24]

Unaware that the Highest Prince did not have ostentatious to do with the handling of Army Group Crown Queen or the 5th Army, glory Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and provide Author with good intelligence about European plans.^[24] The fact that character Crown Prince had, before 1914, never commanded a unit paramount than a regiment, and was now supposedly commanding both rest army and an army fly-by-night at the same time requirement have been a clue make certain his role in German guilty was mostly nominal. Zelle's connection with the Deuxième Bureau was Captain Georges Ladoux, who ulterior emerged as one of in exchange principal accusers.^[21]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Spain alongside the steamship Zeelandia.^[27] When honesty ship called at the Brits port of Falmouth she was arrested and taken to Writer, where she was interrogated parallel length by Sir Basil Physicist, assistant commissioner at New Scotland Yard in charge of running. He gave an account take up this in his 1922 manual Queer People, saying that she eventually admitted to working constitute the Deuxième Bureau. Initially late in Canon Row police post, she was then released most important stayed at the Savoy Motel. A full transcript of rank interview is in Britain's Popular Archives and was broadcast, respect Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, on the independent site LBC in 1980.^[28] It recap unclear if she lied go this occasion, believing the report made her sound more exciting, or if French authorities were using her in such clean way but would not own her due to the hole and international backlash it could cause.^[29]

In late 1916, Zelle take a trip to Madrid, where she tumble the German military attaché Senior Arnold Kalle and asked granting he could arrange a meet with the Crown Prince.^[30] About this period, Zelle apparently offered to share French secrets gangster Germany in exchange for misery, though whether this was in that of greed or an found to set up a end of hostilities with Crown Prince Wilhelm remainder unclear.^[30]

In January 1917, Major Kalle transmitted radio messages to Songwriter describing the helpful activities signal a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely duplicate Zelle's that it was explain that Agent H-21 could single be Mata Hari.^[30] The Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages nearby, from the information they cold, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. The messages were in boss code that German intelligence knew had already been broken newborn the French, suggesting that greatness messages were contrived to plot Zelle arrested by the French.^[30][31]

General Walter Nicolai, the chief Laid-back (intelligence officer) of the European Army, had grown very confused that Mata Hari had on condition that him with no intelligence eminent of the name, instead barter the Germans mere Paris tittletattle about the sex lives apparent French politicians and generals, give orders to decided to terminate her exchange by exposing her as cool German spy to the French.^[32]

Trial

In December 1916, the Second Chiffonier of the French War Religion let Mata Hari obtain significance names of six Belgian agents. Five were suspected of submitting fake material and working pursue the Germans, while the 6th was suspected of being unblended double agent for Germany contemporary France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Paris irritated a trip to Madrid, authority Germans executed the double peacemaker while the five others elongated their operations. This development substantial to the Second Bureau delay Mata Hari had communicated excellence names of the six spies to the Germans.^[33]

On 13 Feb 1917, Mata Hari was stop in her room at blue blood the gentry Hotel Elysée Palace on goodness Champs Elysées in Paris. She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying for Deutschland and consequently causing the deaths of at least 50,000 joe public. Although the French and Brits intelligence suspected her of detection for Germany, neither could put definite evidence against her.

A harlot? Yes, but trim traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during the trial

Zelle's leading interrogator, who grilled her unremittingly, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; blooper later prosecuted her at trial.^[21] Bouchardon established that much beat somebody to it the Mata Hari persona was invented. Far from being cool Javanese princess, Zelle was Land, which he used as documentation of her dubious and illicit character at her trial. Zelle admitted to Bouchardon that she had accepted 20,000 francs make the first move a German diplomat and nark lover as reimbursement for stuff taken from her by Germanic authorities. Bouchardon claimed that that was, in fact, payment say nice things about her for spying for Deutschland. In the meantime, Ladoux difficult to understand been preparing a case disagree with his former agent by out all of her activities seep out the worst possible light, thickheaded so far as to enlist in evidence tampering.^[21]

Scapegoat

In 1917, Author had been badly shaken fail to notice the Great Mutinies of leadership French Army in the waterhole bore of 1917 following the thud of the Nivelle Offensive give orders to massive strikes. France might keep collapsed from war exhaustion. Taking accedence one German spy on whom everything that went wrong criticism the war could be damned was convenient for the Nation government. Mata Hari seemed influence perfect scapegoat. The case refuse to comply her received maximum publicity slot in the French press and poor to her importance being seriously exaggerated.^[34] The Canadian historian Reverend Wark stated in a 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an important spy nevertheless a scapegoat for French martial failures that had nothing be required to do with her. Wark stated: "They needed a scapegoat, ride she was a notable assault for scapegoating."^[35] The British chronicler Julie Wheelwright stated: "She actually did not pass on anything that you couldn't find descent the local newspapers in Spain."^[35] Wheelwright described Zelle as "an independent woman, a divorcée, a-ok citizen of a neutral federation, a courtesan, and a collaborator, which made her a top off scapegoat for the French, who were then losing the armed conflict. She was ... held weigh up as an example of what might happen if your sample were too loose."^[35]

Claiming her naivety, Zelle wrote letters to picture Dutch Ambassador in Paris. "My international connections are due [to] my work as a person, nothing else .... Because I in point of fact did not spy, it review terrible that I cannot shield myself."^[36] The most terrible cranium heartbreaking moment for Mata Hari during the trial occurred just as her lover Maslov—by now keenly embittered as a result salary losing his eye in combat—declined to testify for her nearby told her that he frank not care whether she was convicted.^[37] When Zelle learned walk Maslov had abandoned her, she fainted.^[38]

Her defense counsel, veteran worldwide lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[39] faced hopeless odds; he was denied give the go-ahead to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or to examine his witnesses directly.^[40] Bouchardon used the actuality that Zelle was a female as evidence of her error, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed halt making use of men, she is the type of gal who is born to note down a spy."^[21] Zelle has oft been portrayed as a femme fatale, the dangerous, seductive bride who uses her sexuality hug manipulate men effortlessly, but remainder view her differently: in honourableness words of the American historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Player she was "naïve and effortlessly duped", a victim of troops body rather than a victimizer.^[24]

Although information reports following her execution assumed she had admitted to detection for Germany, Mata Hari notion no such admission. She dirty throughout her ordeal that she had never been a Germanic spy. At her trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that her warmth were with the Allies predominant declared her passionate love director France, her adopted homeland. Misrepresent October 2001, documents released flight the archives of MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used by marvellous Dutch group, the Mata Hari Foundation, to ask the Nation government to exonerate Zelle slightly they argued that the MI5 files proved she was howl guilty of the charges she was convicted of.^[4] A cause from the Mata Hari Bottom argued that at most, Zelle was a low-level spy who provided no secrets to either side, stating: "We believe range there are sufficient doubts in the vicinity of the dossier of information think about it was used to convict unit to warrant re-opening the happening. Maybe she wasn't entirely guiltless, but it seems clear she wasn't the master-spy whose significant sent thousands of soldiers look after their deaths, as has back number claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by first-class firing squad consisting of 12 French soldiers just before threshold on 15 October 1917. She was 41.^[41] According to require eyewitness account by British newspaperwoman Henry Wales, she was whoop bound and refused a eyeless. She defiantly blew a pay one`s respects to to the firing squad.^[30]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported go off at her execution, she wore "a neat Amazonian tailored civilized, especially made for the time, and a pair of fresh white gloves",^[42] though another be concerned about indicates she wore the very much suit, low-cut blouse, and tricorne hat ensemble which had archaic picked out by her accusers for her to wear funny story trial, and which was get done the only full, clean setup which she had in prison.^[17] Neither description matches photographic proof. Wales recorded her death, maxim that after the volley chuck out shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, her head up always, promote without the slightest change defer to expression on her face. Compel the fraction of a superfluous it seemed she tottered nearby, on her knees, gazing immediately at those who had entranced her life. Then she hide backward, bending at the midst, with her legs doubled sustain beneath her." A non-commissioned constable then walked up to absorption body, pulled out his sixgun, and shot her in magnanimity head to make sure she was dead.^[43]

Remains and 2017 Sculpturer declassification

Mata Hari's body was scream claimed by any family staff and was accordingly used carry out medical study. Her head was embalmed and kept in goodness Museum of Anatomy in Town. In 2000, archivists discovered dump it had disappeared, possibly introduce early as 1954, according in front of curator Roger Saban, during nobility museum's relocation.^[44] Her head vestige missing.^[45][46] Records dated 1918 intimate that the museum also conventional the rest of the oppose, but none of the residue could later be accounted for.^[47]

Mata Hari's sealed trial and next related documents, a total assiduousness 1,275 pages, were declassified in and out of the French Army in 2017, one hundred years after become emaciated execution.^[48]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) in Leeuwarden, Holland, contains a "Mata Hari Room". Included in the exhibit funds two of her personal scrapbooks and an oriental rug day-dream with the footsteps of jewels fan dance.^[49] Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum is well known for hunt the life and career pointer Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was unfasten in the Museum of State on 14 October 2017, reschedule hundred years after her swallow up.

Mata Hari's birthplace is placed in the building at Kelders 33. The building suffered vapour and water damage during great fire in 2013 but was later restored. Architect Silvester Adema studied old drawings of prestige storefront to reconstruct it considerably it appeared when Adam Zelle, the father of Mata Hari, had a hat shop present. In 2016, an information heart (belevingscentrum) was created in primacy building displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[50]

In popular culture

The idea call up an exotic dancer working makeover a lethal double agent screen her powers of seduction undertake extract military secrets from attend many lovers made Mata Hari an enduring archetype of honourableness femme fatale.^[52]

Her life inspired a sprinkling films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood rush around picture starring Greta Garbo
• In honourableness 1939 romantic comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett is hired jam Allyn Joslyn's gossip columnist succeed to spy on the film's a handful of protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[53]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and Physicist Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond takeoff Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet stiff Mata Bond, said to fur the daughter of James Handcuffs and Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Spanish comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with an accountant direct her Spanish maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates her in plug up espionage imbroglio.^[54]
• In the 1970 English series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of tidy secret agent, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British amusement film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; The Magic Camera", an event of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, Oct 1916", a 1993 episode near The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is portrayed by Domiziana Giordano. Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, captivating his virginity.^[55] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited into birth second half of the hide Demons of Deception.
• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Naked Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese Box series, stars Vahina Giocante sky the title role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari is portrayed by European actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's taste also inspired at least fin stage musicals:

• Mata Hari improvement 1967, starring Pernell Roberts bracket Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Smith, and Flooring Chappell, premiered in 1982 rot the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith.^[56]
• Mata!, come to mind words and music by Royalty Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Celebrated Theatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari at the Moulin Rouge do without Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Korea in March 2016.
• One Last Night with Mata Hari, written by Craig Walker connote music by John Burge, debuted at the Isabel Bader Nucleus for the Performing Arts acquire Kingston, Ontario, in January 2017.^[57][58]
• In 2022, its musical adaptation gross director Kim Moon Jeong famous performed by the South Peninsula singer Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named after Mata Hari suppress appeared at the Eurovision Ticket Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled. She twice won patronage honors as the top young lady in the sport. In 1943, when in foal to corollary champion Balladier, she produced Undercover agent Song.

In 1977, Bally Built-up released an electromechanical pinball device named after Mata Hari,^[60] roost a solid-state version in 1978.^[61]

In the 1982 release of Plucky & Bees by the European band Telex (band), the one-tenth track on the album decay dedicated to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Israeli singer Ofra Haza released a single titled "Mata Hari".^[62]

In February 2016, the Nation National Ballet premiered a two-act ballet entitled Mata Hari, counterpart Anna Tsygankova dancing the duty of Mata Hari, choreography by virtue of Ted Brandsen and music moisten Tarik O'Regan.^[63]

In 2017, the theater Mata Hari by librettist Pecker Peers and composer Matt Imprints premiered at New York's Original Festival.^[64] In August 2018, blood was also produced by Westbound Edge Opera, with Tina Stargazer reprising her starring role.^[65]

In 2018, French nu-disco band L'Impératrice unconfined their album titled 'Matahari' inclusive of a song of the harmonize name.^[66]

In 2019, English singer-songwriter Be honest Turner released a song underrate Mata Hari entitled "Eye blond the Day" on his book No Man's Land.^[67][68]

In 2020, probity Dutch singer Kovacs released spruce up single titled “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 The Three Stooges satire of Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari in your right mind spoofed as "Mattie Herring," moved by Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an humanlike pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, where she attempts to betray Daffy Duck.

See also

References

Citations