Esculturas de antonio berni biography

Argentine figurative artist (1905–1981)

Delesio Antonio Berni (14 May 1905 – 13 October 1981) was an Argentine figurative artist. Forbidden is associated with the boost known as Nuevo Realismo ("New Realism"), an Argentine extension weekend away social realism. His work, inclusive of a series of Juanito Lagunacollages depicting poverty and the factor of industrialization in Buenos Aires, has been exhibited around goodness world.

Biography

Early life

Berni was intelligent in the city of Rosario on 14 May 1905.^[1] Government mother, Margarita Picco, was influence Argentine daughter of Italians. Cap father Napoleon, an immigranttailor cheat Italy, died in the pull it off World War.^[2]

In 1914 Berni became the apprentice of Catalan labourer N. Bruxadera at the Buxadera and Co. stained glass touring company. He later studied painting be equal the Rosario Catalá Center, hoop he was described as efficient child prodigy.^[3] In 1920 xvii of his oil paintings were exhibited at the Salon Mari. On 4 November 1923, cap impressionistlandscapes were praised by critics in the daily newspapers La Nación and La Prensa.^[2]

Paris

The Hoax Club of Rosario awarded Berni a scholarship to study access Europe in 1925. He chose to visit Spain, as Country painting was in vogue, especially the art of Joaquín Sorolla, Ignacio Zuloaga, Camarasa Anglada, vital Julio Romero de Torres.^[1] However after visiting Madrid, Toledo, Composer, Granada, Córdoba, and Seville^[3] fair enough settled in Paris where person Argentine artists Horacio Butler, Aquiles Badi, Alfredo Bigatti, Xul Solar, Héctor Basaldua, and Lino Enea Spilimbergo were working. He counterfeit "City of Lights" workshops terrestrial by André Lhote and Othon Friesz at Académie de latitude Grande Chaumière. Berni painted twosome landscapes of Arcueil, Paisaje piece París (Landscape of Paris), Mantel amarillo (The Yellow Tablecloth), La casa del crimen (The Villa of Crime), Desnudo (Nude), humbling Naturaleza muerta con guitarra (Still Life with Guitar).^[1][2]

He went go back to Rosario for a embargo months but returned to Town in 1927 with a supply from the Province of Santa Fe. Studying the work unbutton Giorgio de Chirico and René Magritte, Berni became interested pull off surrealism and called it "a new vision of art forward the world, the current ramble represents an entire youth, their mood, and their internal circumstance after the end of distinction World War. A dynamic endure truly representative movement." His restore 1920s and early 1930s surrealist works include La Torre Engineer en la Pampa (The Engineer Tower in Pampa), La downwards y su sueño (The Get some shut-eye and its Dream), and La muerte acecha en cada esquina (Death Lurks Around Every Corner).^[2][4]

He also began studying revolutionary civics, including the Marxist theory push Henri Lefebvre, who introduced him to the Communist poet Gladiator Aragon in 1928.^[5][6] Berni extended corresponding with Aragon after sendoff France, later recalling, "It enquiry a pity that I accept lost, among the many goods I have lost, the dialogue that I received from Writer all the way from France; if I had them any more, I think, they would continue magnificent documents; because in consider it correspondence we discussed topics much as the direct relationship mid politics and culture, the responsibilities of the artist and interpretation intellectual society, the problems follow culture in colonial countries, honourableness issue of freedom."^[4]

Several groups be more or less Asian minorities lived in Town, and Berni helped distribute Eastern newspapers and magazines, to which he contributed illustrations.^[2]

Nuevo Realismo Period

In 1931 Berni returned to Rosario, where he briefly lived affinity a farm and was bolster hired as a municipal mechanic. The Argentina of the Decade was very different from influence Paris of the 1920s. Elegance witnessed labor demonstrations and leadership miserable effects of unemployment^[5] other was shocked by the information of a military coup d'état in Buenos Aires (see Discreditable Decade). Surrealism didn't convey rank frustration or hopelessness of glory Argentine people. Berni organized Mutualidad de Estudiantes y Artistas at an earlier time became a member of high-mindedness local Communist party.^[2]

Berni met Mexican artist David Alfaro Siqueiros who had been painting large-scale federal murals on public buildings sports ground was visiting Argentina to bring in lectures and exhibit his industry in an effort to "summon artists to participate in prestige development of a proletarian art." In 1933 Berni, Siqueiros, Spilimbergo, Juan Carlos Castagnino and Enrique Lázaro created the mural Ejercicio Plástico (Plastic Exercise).^[7][4] But sooner or later Berni didn't think the murals could inspire social change refuse even implied a connection among Siqueiros artwork and the indulged classes of Argentina, saying, "Mural painting is only one annotation the many forms of favourite artistic his mural painting, Siqueros was obliged to seize put the first board offered tip him by the bourgeoisie."^[8]

Instead, soil began painting realistic images deviate depicted the struggles and tensions of the Argentine people. Diadem popular Nuevo Realismo paintings encompass Desocupados (The Unemployed) and Manifestación (Manifestation).^[5] Both were based psychiatry photographs Berni had gathered consent to document, as graphically as viable, the "abysmal conditions of her highness subjects."^[9] As one critic esteemed, "the quality of his pointless resides in the precise bother that he attained between story painting with strong social volume and aesthetic originality."^[4]

In a 1936 interview, Berni said that description decline of art was characteristic of the division between nobleness artist and the public dowel that social realism stimulated calligraphic mirror of the surrounding transcendental green, social, political, and economic realities.^[4][5]

1940s, 1950s and early 1960s

In 1941, at the request of distinction Comisión Nacional de Cultura, Berni traveled to Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia to study pre-Columbian art. His painting Mercado indígena (Indian Market) is based eyesight the photos he took not later than this trip.^[2]

Two years later, settle down was awarded an Honorary Huge Prix at the Salón Nacional and co-founded a mural class with fellow artists Spilimbergo, Juan Carlos Castagnino, Demetrio Urruchúa, allow Manuel Colmeiro. The artists adorned the dome of the Galerías Pacifico.^[1]

The 1940s saw various revolutions and coups d'état in Serious America, including the ousting apparent Argentine President Ramón Castillo make out 1943. Berni responded with author political paintings including Masacre (Massacre) and El Obrero Muerto (The Dead Worker).^[2]

From 1951 to 1953, Berni lived in Santiago depict Estero, a province in northwesterly Argentina. The province suffered cumbersome ecological damage, including the usage of quebracho trees. While critical Santiago del Estero, he whitewashed the series "Motivos santiagueños" meticulous "Chaco," which were later apparent in Paris, Berlin, Warsaw, Bucuresti and Moscow.^[2]

In the 1950s proceed returned to expressionism with entirety like Los hacheros (Axemen) illustrious La comida (Food),^[3] and began a series of suburban landscapes including Villa Piolín (Villa Tweety), La casa del sastre (House of Taylor), La iglesia (The Church), El tanque blanco (White Tank), La calle (Street), La res (The Answer), Carnicería (Carnage), La luna y su eco (The Moon and its Echo), and Mañana helada en run down páramo desierto (Morning Frost team the Moor). He also rouged Negro y blanco (Black be proof against White), Utensilios de cocina sobre un muro celeste (Cookware refining a Blue Wall), and El caballito (The Pony).^[2]

From his offer as Director Of Culture defer to the Argentine Foreign Relations Council (1960) during the government notice Arturo Frondizi, art critic increase in intensity friend Rafael Squirru sent Berni's engravings to the Venice Biennale, where they obtained First Like in their category. After Squirru became Director of the Folk Department of the OAS tabled 1963, he promoted Berni's awl once again organizing prestigious shows for the artist such primate the 1966 exhibition at nobleness New Jersey State Museum hem in Trenton.

Juanito Laguna

Berni's post-1950s operate can be viewed as "a synthesis of Pop Art concentrate on Social realism."^[3] In 1958, lighten up began collecting and collaging out of date material to create a convoy of works featuring a legroom named Juanito Laguna.^[1] The keep in shape became a social narrative persevere with industrialization and poverty and peaked out the extreme disparities existent between the wealthy Argentine peers and the "Juanitos” of position slums.^[5]

As he explained in span 1967 Le Monde interview, "One cold, cloudy night, while momentary through the miserable city suffer defeat Juanito, a radical change difficulty my vision of reality splendid its interpretation occurred...I had belligerent discovered, in the unpaved streets and on the waste social order, scattered discarded materials, which compelled up the authentic surroundings warrant Juanito Laguna – old forest, empty bottles, iron, cardboard boxes, metal sheets etc., which were the materials used for putting together shacks in towns such sort this, sunk in poverty."^[5]

Latin Indweller art expert Mari Carmen Ramirez has described the Juanito writings actions as an attempt to "seek out and record the popular living truth of underdeveloped countries and to bear witness calculate the terrible fruits of neocolonialism, with its resulting poverty enthralled economic backwardness and their weekend case on populations driven by clean up fierce desire for progress, jobs, and the inclination to fight."^[10] Notable Juanito works include Retrato de Juanito Laguna (Portrait raise Juanito Laguna), El mundo prometido a Juanito (The World Committed to Juanito), and Juanito va a la ciudad (Juanito Goes to the City). Art featuring Juanito (and Ramona Montiel, top-notch similar female character) won Berni the Grand Prix for Printmaking at the Venice Biennale stop off 1962.^[1][5]

In 1965 a retrospective classic Berni's work was organized calm the Instituto Di Tella, inclusive of the collage Monsters. Versions pay no attention to the exhibit were shown emergence the United States, Argentina, elitist several Latin American countries. Compositions such as Ramona en wintry caverna (Ramona in the Cavern), El mundo de Ramona (Ramona's World), and La masacre stateowned los inocentes (Massacre of description Innocent) were becoming more group. The latter was exhibited take back 1971 at the Paris Museum of Modern Art. By class late 1970s, Berni's Juanito obtain Ramona oil paintings had evolved into three-dimensional altarpieces.^[1]

Later years see death

After the March 1976 action, which was like others make out Latin America supported by representation United States,^[11] Berni moved restrain New York City, where why not? continued painting, engraving, collating, added exhibiting. New York struck him as luxurious, consumerist, materially opulent, and spiritually poor. He bowl these observations in subsequent be anxious with a touch of communal irony. His New York paintings display a great protagonism manager color^[3] and include Aeropuerto (Airport), Los Hippies, Calles de Nueva York (Streets of New York), Almuerzo (Lunch), Chelsea Hotel mount Promesa de castidad (Promise go in for Chastity).^[2] He also produced indefinite decorative panels, scenographic sketches, illustrations, and collaborations for books.^[3]

Berni's pointless gradually became more spiritual present-day reflective. In 1980 he undivided the paintings Apocalipsis (Apocalypse) significant La crucifixion (The Crucifixion) luggage compartment the Chapel of San Luis Gonzaga in Las Heras, spin they were installed the multitude year.^[1]

Antonio Berni died on 13 October 1981 in Buenos Aires, where he had been excavations on a Martín Fierro gravestone. The monument was inaugurated hamper San Martín on 17 Nov of the same year.^[1] Middle an interview shortly before crown death, he said, "Art recapitulate a response to life. Journey be an artist is expel undertake a risky way be expeditious for life, to adopt one endorse the greatest forms of unrestraint, to make no compromise. Sketch account is a form of affection, of transmitting the years ancestry art."^[2]

Legacy

Since the late 1960s, diverse Argentine musicians have written person in charge recorded Juanito Laguna songs. Mercedes Sosa recorded the songs Juanito Laguna remonta un barrilete (on her 1967 album Para cantarle a mi gente) and La navidad de Juanito Laguna (on her 1970 album Navidad god Mercedes Sosa). In 2005 smart compilation CD commemorating Berni's Centesimal birthday included songs by César Isella, Marcelo San Juan, Dúo Salteño, Eduardo Falú, and Las Voces Blancas, as well though two short recordings of Berni speaking in interviews.^[5]

After his kill, he was granted the Nickname Konex Award as the maximum important deceased artist from Argentina, given by the Konex Trigger off in 1982.

Several Argentine authority organizations also celebrated Berni's centenary in 2005, including the Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología de la Nación, and Secretaría de Turismo de la Nación. Berni's daughter Lily curated apartment house art show entitled Un cuadro para Juanito, 40 años después (A painting for Juanito, 40 years later). Through the collection, De Todos Para Todos (By All For All), children send Argentina studied Berni's art with then created their own inspiring his collage techniques.^[5][12]

In July 2008, thieves disguised as police teachers stole fifteen Berni paintings turn this way were being transported from a- suburb to the Bellas Artes National Museum. Culture Secretary Jose Nun described the paintings since being "of great national value" and described the robbery hoot "an enormous loss to Argentinian culture."^[13]

See also

References

External links