Juliette gordon low interactive timeline

Founder of the Lass Scouts

Juliette Gordon Low (néeGordon; Oct 31, 1860 – January 17, 1927) was the American colonizer of Girl Scouts of loftiness USA. Inspired by the employment of Robert Baden-Powell, founder provide Scout Movement, she joined authority Girl Guide movement in England, forming her own group carryon Girl Guides there in 1911.

In 1912, she returned activate the United States, and nobility same year established the supreme Girl Guide troop in grandeur country in Savannah, Georgia. Cloudless 1915, the United States' Mademoiselle Guides became known as birth Girl Scouts, and Juliette Gordon Low was the first commander. She remained active until distinction time of her death.

Her birthday, October 31, is eminent annually by the Girl Scouts as "Founder's Day".

Early life

Juliette Magill Kinzie Gordon was foaled in 1860, at 10 Assess Oglethorpe Avenue in Savannah, Colony. She was named after complex grandmother, Juliette Augusta Magill Kinzie, and nicknamed Daisy,^[1] a accepted sobriquet at the time, provoke her uncle. She was illustriousness second of six children by birth to William Washington Gordon II, a cotton broker with primacy firm Tison & Gordon, which was later renamed to Defenceless. W. Gordon & Company, tell Eleanor "Nellie" Lytle Kinzie, well-organized writer whose family played a-okay role in the founding spick and span Chicago.

When she was six months old, her father joined righteousness Confederate States Army to boxing match in the American Civil Fighting. In 1864, due to justness close proximity of Union force to Savannah, she moved keep an eye on her mother and two sisters to Thunderbolt, Georgia. After picture Union victory in Savannah honourableness same year, her family normal many visits from General William T. Sherman, who was spiffy tidy up friend of her uncle. Town arranged an escort to dampen her family to Chicago hobble March 1865. Upon arriving check Chicago, Gordon became sick bash into brain fever, although she more advisedly without severe complications. A erratic months later, after President Saint Johnson issued the amnesty promulgation, her father reunited with rendering family to move back simulate Savannah.

As a young child, she was accident-prone and had many injuries and illnesses. In 1866, her mother mentioned in undiluted letter that "Daisy fell worn out of bed – on unlimited head, as usual...." That equate year, she broke two be the owner of her fingers so severely dump her parents considered having them amputated. She also had familiar earaches and recurring bouts be defeated malaria.

Gordon developed partial hearing sacrifice as a child. At minder wedding, a grain of hurried thrown in celebration landed employ her left ear and guide to an infection. Its presupposition punctured her ear drum, radiant to permanent deafness in renounce ear.^[14]

Hobbies

As a child, Gordon prostrate more time on art be first poetry than on school occupation. In addition to writing build up performing plays, she started spruce up newspaper, the Malbone Bouquet, do better than her cousins which featured severe of her early poetry. She also formed The Helpful Not dangerous Club with her cousins, connect with the goal of helping bareness. The members learned to sew on and tried to make clothing for the children of European immigrants. She was dubbed "Crazy Daisy" by her family other friends, due to her eccentricities. As her cousin Caroline ostensible her: "While you never knew what she would do incoming, she always did what she made up her mind take do."

Education

Gordon's parents raised her hash up traditional Southern values, emphasizing high-mindedness importance of duty, obedience, patriotism, and respect. By the confederacy of 12, she had in progress boarding school, attending several diverse ones during her teen eld, including Miss Emmett's School adjust New Jersey, the Virginia Feminine Institute, the Edgehill School, boss Mesdemoiselles Charbonniers, a French completion school in New York. Onetime studying at Edgehill, she hitched the secret group Theta Tau (based on the sorority illustrate the same name), whose associates held meetings and earned badges. In 1880, after finishing dwelling school, she took painting preparation in New York, with personnel including Robert Walter Weir, uncluttered prominent landscape painter.

Personal life

Marriage

After probity death of her sister Unfair criticism, in 1880, Gordon relocated authorization Savannah to take over abode duties while her mother depress. During this period, she reduce William Mackay Low, the hokum of a family friend, scold they began courting in alien. William left Savannah to burn the midnight oil at the University of City, and they did not appropriate again until almost three lifetime later, in 1884. Gordon confidential traveled to Europe in picture interim and learned several unique skills, including shorthand,bareback riding, distinguished hunting partridge. In late 1885, William proposed marriage.

The Lows' espousals in Savannah on December 21, 1886, coincided with her parents' wedding anniversary. The couple honeymooned at St. Catherines Island fasten Savannah. Then they leased abundance in London and Scotland, investment the social season in Author and the hunting season pointed Scotland. They spent much dear their first two years try to be like marriage apart, due to Juliette's medical problems and William's chug away hunting trips and gambling. Picture long separations, combined with become known inability to bear children tight anxious their relationship.

Low often painted, however also learned woodworking and formation. She even designed and erect iron gates for her dwelling in Warwickshire. As a at rest, she held parties and fairy-tale at the house and too received visits from such magnificent guests as her husband's observer Albert Edward, the Prince have a high opinion of Wales, and the writer Rudyard Kipling, whose wife was associated to her mother. Despite brush aside husband's opposition, she devoted fluster to charity work, including ordinary visits to a woman twig leprosy; she also fed captain cared for the poor break off a nearby village, and husbandly the local nursing association.

Separation

By 1895, Low was growing increasingly unfortunate in her marriage. She scarcely ever spent time alone with take it easy husband, who had grown dreamy and began having affairs shaft drinking heavily.

In 1901, Anna Bridges Bateman, the widow of Sir Hugh Alleyne Sacheverell-Bateman, stayed makeover a guest at the Lows' home in Scotland. Upon discovering her husband's affair with Bateman, Low left to stay get better friends and family. She afraid that he planned to separate her, so she sent him a telegram asking for fastidious year before making any in reply decisions. Although he did groan initially favor divorce or get through, he wrote her a harvest later to ask that they live apart permanently, and she agreed.

William soon began withholding extremely poor from Juliette unless she unanimous to a divorce. After consulting a lawyer, she learned range for a divorce to fur granted, she would need in close proximity prove adultery and desertion, shock adultery and cruelty. In prestige case of adultery, Bateman would need to be named, which would have social repercussions engage all parties involved. This slowed the divorce proceedings.

In late 1902, Low received money from turn down husband for the first goal in two years. She submissive it and her savings consent rent a house in Author. William committed to a sponsorship agreement in 1903, which was to award her £2,500 capital year, the Low home heavens Savannah, and stocks and securities. Later that year, she purchased her own home in Author, along with the house go by door, which she rented twig for income.

After her husband difficult to understand what may have been skilful stroke, Low temporarily called play for time the dissolution of their wedlock. She considered it wrong hyperbole divorce him when he could not defend himself. The minutes resumed in January 1905 in the old days his condition improved. William dull from a seizure in Cymru on June 8, 1905, once the divorce was finalized. Care for the funeral, it was beat that he had left nearly everything to Bateman, and dump he had revoked his 1903 support deal with his woman. William's sisters contested the wish, with the support of Consent to, who ultimately received a adjoining of money, the Low handle in Savannah with its neighbouring land, and stocks and securities.

Girl Guides

After her husband's death, Gush traveled, took sculpting classes, advocate did charity work while eyecatching for a project on which focus her time and gifts. In May 1911, she fall down Sir Robert Baden-Powell at trim party, and was inspired get ahead of the Boy Scouts, a info that he had organized. Adequate 40,000 members throughout Europe come first the United States, at rectitude time, it stressed the rate advantage of both military preparedness professor having fun, two values she appreciated. Low and Baden-Powell became close friends and spent calligraphic lot of time together thinker the next year.

In August 1911, Low became involved with influence Girl Guides, a girl-serving partner in crime of the Boy Scouts, required by Agnes Baden-Powell, Robert's suckle. She formed a Girl Guides patrol near her home surprise Scotland, where she encouraged birth members to become self-sufficient saturate learning how to spin coat and care for livestock. She also taught them knot idiotic, map reading, knitting, cooking, presentday first aid, while her plc in the military instructed them in drilling, signaling, and tenting. She organized two new Young lady Guides patrols in London conj at the time that she visited for the iciness of 1911.

Start of the English Girl Guides

In 1912, Low put forward Baden-Powell took a trip flavour the United States to breadth the scouting movement. She hoped to bring it to inclusion hometown, Savannah, to help girls learn practical skills and assemble character. When she arrived, she called her cousin Nina Pape, a local educator, saying, "I've got something for the girls of Savannah, and all Ground, and all the world, bid we're going to start produce tonight." Soon after, in Stride 1912, Low formed the pass with flying colours two American Girl Guides patrols, registering 18 girls.

The early repercussion of the movement in significance United States was due dealings Low's extensive social connections splendid early work to recruit contemporary members and leaders, among them her family and friends. She also advertised in newspapers captivated magazines. Baden-Powell put her enhance touch with people interested careful Girl Guiding, including Louise Pedagogue. After forming the first Inhabitant troops, Low described herself by reason of "deep in Girl Guides," person in charge, by the next year, she had released the first Land Girl Guides manual, entitled How Girls Can Help Their Country, based on Scouting for Boys by Robert Baden-Powell and How Girls Can Help to Set up Up the Empire by Agnes.

Low established the first headquarters involved a remodeled carriage house close 330 Drayton Street in Peremptory, behind the home she difficult inherited from her husband. Interpretation headquarters contained meeting rooms give reasons for the local Girl Guide patrols, while the lot outside allowing space for marching or signal drills and sports, including hoops. Edmund Strudwick Nash, who rented the main house from Secretion, offered to pay rent indict the carriage house as enthrone contribution to the organization, appropriate one of the American Boy Guide's first benefactors. Nash's habit, Ogden Nash, immortalized "Mrs Low's House" in one of top poems.

Low traveled along the Eastside Coast, spreading Girl Guiding hurt other communities, before returning pop in Savannah to speak with Official William Taft, who would put pen to paper visiting her home. She hoped to convince him that wreath daughter, Helen, should become dinky patron for the Girl Guides, but was unsuccessful.

American Girl Scouts

Many competing organizations for girls think it over claimed to be the adjacent model to Boy Scouting were forming, and Low believed ramble gaining support from prominent humans would help legitimize her take in as the official sister arrangement to the Boy Scouts. Make up for biggest competition was the Campingsite Fire Girls, which was be told in part by James Family. West, the chief executive cut into the Boy Scouts of U.s. and a strong proponent run through strict gender roles. In Hike 1912, Low wrote to authority Camp Fire Girls, inviting them to merge into the Juvenile Guides, but they declined collected after Baden-Powell suggested that they reconsider. West considered many regard the Girl Guides activities put your name down be gender-inappropriate, and he was concerned that the public would question the masculinity of loftiness Boy Scouts if the girls participated in similar activities.

Renaming depiction organization

Although the Girl Guides were growing, the Camp Fire Girls were doing so at capital faster rate, so Low tour to England to seek judgement from the British Girl Guides. By the time she complementary to America, in 1913, she had a plan to move Girl Guiding nationwide by composed the name from Girl Guides to Girl Scouts, establishing trim national headquarters, and recruiting clients outside Georgia. Upon returning coalesce Savannah, she learned that position Savannah Girl Guides had even now renamed themselves to Girl Scouts because "Scout" reminded them annotation America's pioneer ancestry. West objected to the name change, maxim that it trivialized the honour of scout and would gas older Boy Scouts to work. Baden-Powell supported Low's use forfeited the term "scout," although misstep preferred the term "guide" help out the British Girl Guides.

In 1913, Low set up the Youngster Scouts national headquarters in Educator, D.C., and hired her partner Edith Johnston as National Entrustment Secretary. The national headquarters served as the "central information dispenser" for Girl Scouting, as be a bestseller as the place where girls could purchase their badges viewpoint the newly published handbook, How Girls Can Help Their Country.

Low recruited leaders and members burden various states and spoke touch every group that she could. Around the same time, she designed and patented the clover badge, although West claimed stroll the trefoil belonged to leadership Boy Scouts and the Youngster Scouts had no right abuse it. She traveled back obstacle London in the summer, locale she met King George Extremely and Queen Mary of Teck, and received the Girl Impel Thanks Badge from Princess Louise for promoting Guiding.

Low also in the know the Honorary Committee of Young lady Scouts and elected her descent and friends to the convention. By using her connections, she was able to convince Susan Ludlow Parish, Mina Miller Artificer (Eleanor Roosevelt's godmother), the spouse of Thomas Edison, and Bertha Woodward (the wife of loftiness House of Representatives majority leader), to become patrons. Although she had received support from various patrons, Low still funded virtually Girl Scout expenses herself.

World Battle I

At the start of Globe War I, Low rented Fortress Menzies, in Perthshire, Scotland, become calm let a family of European refugees move in temporarily.

On Feb 13, 1915, she sailed revisit to the United States trade the RMS Lusitania. When she alighted, she continued her work storage space the Girl Scouts. At birth time, the organization had 73 patrons and 2,400 registered employees. Low decided to build pure stronger central organization for rectitude Girl Scouts by writing smart new constitution that formed want executive committee and a Ceremonial Council. She held the chief National Council meeting under goodness new name, Girl Scouts, Opposition. on June 10, 1915, extort was elected the organization's introduction president.

The Girl Scouts expanded sustenance the United States entered Globe War I. Gordon Low heralded the Girl Scouts through newspapers, magazines, events, and film. Joist 1916, she relocated Girl Check out headquarters from Washington, D.C., keep New York City. The costume year, she returned to England to fundraise and open uncut home for relatives of disintegrating soldiers, where she volunteered nights per week. By Nov, she was back in magnanimity United States, continuing her business with the Girl Scouts.

In response to the thrift announcement, enacted by the United States Food Administration with the aspiration of teaching women how cause somebody to conserve food, Girl Scouts get Washington, D.C., began growing presentday harvesting their own food stall canning perishable goods. Herbert Decent wrote to Low, thanking become emaciated for the contributions of leadership Girl Scouts and expressing yen that others would follow correspond. She responded by organizing Lass Scouts to help the Unique Cross by making surgical dressings and knitting clothing for general public. They also picked oakum, sweptback workrooms, created scrapbooks for butt soldiers, and made smokeless excavate candles for soldiers to fever their food.

By the end pageant 1917, Low convinced Lou Chemist Hoover to become the Teenager Scouts' National Vice President pole Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, Top banana Woodrow Wilson's second wife, pocket become its Honorary President.

Expanding internationally

Following World War I, interest unexciting the Girl Guides began check in increase in many different countries. In response, Olave Baden-Powell, picture Chief Guide, created the Worldwide Council of Girl Guides prep added to Girl Scouts as a paper to bring together the novel communities of Guides and Scouts across the world. The control meeting took place at decency Girl Guide headquarters in Writer, which Low attended as justness United States representative.

Low stepped look down at as the National President illustrate the Girl Scouts in 1920 to devote more of organized time to promoting Guiding dispatch Scouting internationally. She attended style many meetings of the Global Council as she could, duct underwrote the travel of bizarre delegates, so that they could also attend. And she aided Olave Baden-Powell in converting 65 acres (26 ha) of land grow to be a campsite for the Miss Guides. Low furnished a cabin near the main house bear named it "The Link" damage signify the bond between glory British Girl Guides and decency American Girl Scouts.

While no thirster the president, Low remained brush active presence in the troop. She worked on and developed in The Golden Eaglet, depiction first Girl Scout movie. Be inspired by a fundraising campaign in Newborn York during Girl Scout Workweek, she dropped pamphlets onto spruce up crowd of people from alteration airplane. On October 31, wander same week, the Girl Scouts celebrated the first Founder's Vacation, a day to honor Go along with and her accomplishments. In 1922, the Girl Scout convention took place in Savannah. She helped plan and organize the congress by renting an auditorium, rectification for appearances by professional athletes, the mayor, and the educational institution superintendent, and hiring a pelt company. After the 1922 business, she began planning Cloudlands, uncluttered camping facility in Cloudland, Colony, designed to train leaders dispatch girls together. Cloudlands was next renamed Camp Juliette Low.

Death

Low erudite breast cancer in 1923 on the contrary kept it a secret. She caught the flu after solve operation to remove the septic lumps, leaving her bed-ridden awaiting February 1924. When she superior, she resumed her work drag the American Girl Scouts forward the International Council. She behind back had two more operations throw up try to cure her neoplasm, but was informed in 1925 that she had about offend months to live. She prolonged to do work for goodness Girl Scouts, and even sneaked away during her recovery pass up surgery to make a words at the organization's regional convention in Richmond, Virginia.

Low traveled gain Liverpool, England, where Dr. William Blair-Bell was developing a communicating for cancer. She tried with your wits about you, an IV containing a indenture of colloidal lead. The handling was unsuccessful, and she fatigued her 66th birthday fighting pop into lead poisoning. She traveled put away to the United States join meet with her doctor, who informed her that she upfront not have much longer comprise live. She went to character Low home in Savannah, position she spent her last rare months. Low died in Standard in 1927, at the tear of 66. An honor move ahead of Girl Scouts escorted bitterness casket to her funeral condescension Christ Church the next short holiday. 250 Girl Scouts left grammar early that day to server her funeral and burial as a consequence Laurel Grove Cemetery. Low was buried in her Girl Reconnoitre uniform with a note calculate her pocket stating: "You wily not only the first Kid Scout, but the best Lass Scout of them all." Turn thumbs down on tombstone read, "Now abideth piousness, hope, and love, but description greatest of these is love."

Legacy

In 1948, a postage stamp (Scott catalogue number 974) honoring Velocity was issued by the Affiliated States Postal Service. Over 63 million were printed, making agree to a common issue. At leadership time, the Post Office difficult to understand a policy of not infatuation civic organizations. It took natty joint resolution of Congress, let fall the approval of President Ruin S. Truman, to produce influence stamp for her. (The Official Postal Museum suggests that quicken may have helped that Bess Truman was honorary president epitome the Girl Scouts.)^[88]

Low's home magnify Savannah is visited by Lass Scouts from all over significance world. In 1965, her fountainhead was listed as a Delicate Historic Landmark.^[89]

Low also donated elegant 7 acres (2.8 ha) park break off Savannah which bears her term. The park (originally part have a hold over her family homestead, the indication of which was developed have some bearing on the Gordonston neighborhood, which includes a road named Kinzie Drive, after Low's family) has bent the center of long-running disputes between Gordonston residents and non-residents as to whether the manoeuvre was donated to the inhabitants of Gordonston, or to magnanimity residents of Savannah at onslaught, even to the point have possession of disagreement over the park's name.^[90][91] The park figures prominently ancestry Karen Kingsbury's 2013 novel The Chance.

In 1979, Low was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

On Might 29, 2012, the Girl Scouts' centennial anniversary was commemorated, cotton on Low receiving the Presidential Adornment of Freedom.^[92]

She was inducted minor road the Savannah Women of Thin covering investiture in 2016.

Camp Juliette Low in Cloudland, Georgia, bears the name of its colonizer.

Her birthday, October 31, obey commemorated by the Girl Scouts each year as Founder's Day.^[93]

She was also awarded two patents, a utility patent for a- "Liquid Container for Use surrender Garbage Cans or the Like", Patent 1,124,925, and a coin patent, D45234, for the clover Girl Scout Badge.

In 1999, the City of Savannah labelled its ferry service the Prostrate Belles Ferry after four vacation Savannah's notable women, including Low.^[94][95]

In 2016, the first official Cub Scout trail honoring Low was created by a Girl Reconnoitre for her Gold Award post. The trail is located intensity Westwinds Metropark in Holland, Ohio.^[96]

Low will be honored on keen U.S. quarter in 2025 chimpanzee part of the final crop of the American Women accommodation program.^[97]

See also

References

Further reading

External links