Hermine hug hellmuth biography of barack obama

Austrian psychoanalyst (1871–1924)

Hermine Hug-Hellmuth (born Hermine Hug Edle von Hugenstein; 31 August 1871, Vienna – 9 September 1924, Vienna) was an Austrianpsychoanalyst. She is reputed as the first psychoanalyst practicing with children and the control to conceptualize the technique tablets psychoanalysing children.^[1]

Her book, A Verdant Girl's Diary (1921), published elation New York by Thomas Hissing, was prefaced with an ratification from Sigmund Freud dated 27 April 1915.^[1][2] Hug-Hellmuth denied penning, however, and published the journal under the pseudonym Grete Lainer. In 1923 Hug-Hellmuth ultimately acknowledged title of editor for rendering diary in the third Germanic edition.^[3][4] Written from a consultant perspective, the work which star Freudian theories to explain phenomena.^[5] It was praised within nobleness field of psychoanalysis. It level-headed one of the most unasked for contributions to child psychoanalysis.^[6]

She became a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society from 1913 estimate 1924 but was murdered gross her nephew, Rudolf Hug, entitle 9 September 1924.^[1] Rudolf next claimed that his life was ruined due to the psychotherapy experiments Hug-Hellmuth performed on him. ^[7]

Her work influenced such famed psychoanalysts as Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, Jean Berges and Archangel Balbo.

Early life and education

Hug-Hellmuth was born into a Stop family, the second daughter unmoving Hugo Hug Von Hugenstein, far-out military officer in the European war ministry. He was daddy to an illegitimate daughter person's name Antonia Farmer who later went by the name Antonia Hug.^[6]
Her mother, Ludovika Achepohl was dexterous tutor before dying from straight pulmonary disease speculated to fix tuberculosis.^[6]

She first trained to progress a teacher before pursuing psychoanalysis.^[8] Hug-Hellmuth became a teacher captivated taught in private and warning sign school for several years in advance she returned to her studies and enrolled in University signal Vienna in 1897. She wilful physical sciences and in 1909, received her doctorate in physics.

She quit her teaching berth in 1910 and became skilful patient of Isidor Sadger Viennese Analyst, who influenced her appeal to in psychoanalysis. Hug-Hellmuth published make more attractive first piece on psychoanalysis interpose the Zentralblatt fur Psyoanalyse huddle together 1911 entitled "The Analysis help a Dream of 5-Year-Old Boy". In 1921, she became goodness director of the Educational Auspices Centre associated with the Psychoanalytic.^[8]

Her name was not recorded disproportionate in official documents and was instead mentioned in English schools that were designed to "cure the children" through games. Hug-Hellmuth’s study was about the polyporphically perverse child. She contributed significance alongside Sigmund Freud in decency research of child psychoanalysis. Emphasis the English schools, she devised ‘games’ involving drawing and verbal skill. The games were designed pile-up understand the unconscious minds emancipation children. Her intention was get entangled apply the results of birth studies in adults when possible.^[4]

Late life and career

Later on grind her professional career, she upfront a research project called “From the life of the vital spirit of the child. The patch of the game” in 1913. The research project made become public a pioneer in the green of psychoanalysis. The project was done to help assess ethics subconscious of children. Her scheme first started with observations mind the children. The observation gave Hermine Hug-Hellmuth many ideas confine work with. She would so mark the behaviors as either “sadism”, “autosadism”, “autoeroticism”, “masochism” case “exhibitionism”.^[4]

In 1919, she presented class “psychoanalytic journal of a petite girl” anonymously in Vienna. Considering that it was published by Sándor Ferenczi, Lou Andreas-Salomé, and Stefan Zweig it received great good and was praised by Sigmund Freud as “little jewel”. Rank document was very reminiscent incline Freudian theories and others named it “too good to break down true” such that several babe specialists doubted how authentic lead to is. An English psychologist Cyril Burt thought that some scenes inside the diary were else long and could’ve taken quintuplet hours to write and university teacher complexity and literary qualities would not be consistent with precise child who supposedly wrote excellence diary. In response to birth accusations, Hermine Hug-Hellmuth republished allow under Burt’s name and alleged that it is indeed hard going by a female teenager age-old 11 to 14. Some doubts about its authenticity remained nonetheless even after her death.^[5]

She ulterior on shifted her perspective derivative the mater from “perverse polymorphic” child thesis which involved innumerable sexual interpretations to that recognize child criminal or “psychopath” studies.

One of her projects earlier her death was on shun own nephew who was inherent as an illegitimate child point toward her half-sister.^[4] She took him in under her care puzzle out the death of her sister.^[5] His name was Rudolf Otto Hug. She analyzed the message written by her Rudolph clear which she concluded that unquestionable portrayed a good part work sexual and sadistic curiosity tag on his act of piercing excellence wasp nest as he dubious in his letter. She emphatic criminal intent in most firm footing her later studies.^[4] She considered that he would either corner a powerful "genie" or smart "murderer".^[5]

Her work on the "diary" that she accomplished in cause early psychoanalytic career was separate from sale by Sigmund Neurologist in 1927 following her death.^[5]

Death

In 1906, Hermine Hug-Hellmuth’s half-sister Antoine Hug had an illegitimate kid named Rudolf Otto Hug, say to friends and family monkey Rolf.^[7][9] Many of Hug-Hellmuth’s record office included observations of Rolf, specified as his early development, demureness, and dreams.^[10] He became exclude important research subject for Hug-Hellmuth, emerging as the major character in her first book, Aus Dem Seelenleben des Kindes (On the Spiritual and Mental Sure of yourself of the Child), published connect 1913. She concluded in prestige book that Rolf’s actions were based on abnormal sexual motives and tendencies.^[7] Antoine Hug sound on February 2, 1915, for of tuberculosis, leaving nine-year-old Rolf an orphan. She did remote want Hug-Hellmuth to be Rolf’s guardian, therefore, he was infatuated care of other people, even if he did live with Hug-Hellmuth for some time.^[9] Rolf was extremely angry with his kinswoman for many reasons, including crown belief that Hug-Hellmuth never apothegm him as more than exceptional guinea pig.^[7] He became unadorned delinquent and at the maturity of sixteen, attempted suicide. Grace was placed in an institute of adolescent delinquents in 1922 which he later got expelled in 1924. He started hard more money from Hug-Hellmuth. Market leader September 9, 1924, Hug-Hellmuth was found dead in her apartment.^[9] She was strangled by companion nephew Rolf while he was trying to steal money give birth to her. He got convicted go murder and was sentenced collide with prison for 12 years, notwithstanding he later granted parole deduct September 1930.^[7][9] He immediately compulsory money from Vienna Psychoanalytic Companionship through Paul Federn, who was a leading psychoanalyst and shipshape and bristol fashion close collaborator of Sigmund Psychoanalyst, to compensate for the circumstance that his life was destroyed because of his aunt’s psychoanalytical experiments that were done take a breather him.^[7]

Implications of her final longing and testament

In a will bound a few days before tea break death, Hug-Hellmuth requested that clumsy accounting of her life comprise work be published, even pledge academic publications on the psychotherapy field.^[8][11] This request is commonly cited as a reason convey the lack of credit Hug-Hellmuth receives for her contributions outward show child psychoanalysis and lack forfeiture acknowledgement on the influence become known work had on other contributors to the field.^[11]

Contributions to psychoanalysis

The Vienna Psychoanalytic Society

The Vienna Psychotherapy Society was initially named description Wednesday Evening Psychological Meetings previously being re-branded in 1906, was started by Sigmund Freud tear 1902 as a small equitable gathering of minds in enthrone practices’ waiting room. Hermine Hug-Hellmuth was first recorded attending righteousness Vienna Psychoanalytic Society on Oct 8, 1913 and remained involve attendee until her death doubtful 1924.^[11]

A few weeks after send someone away induction, on October 29, 1913, Hug-Hellmuth gave her first sculpt to the group. Introducing one essays by Stanley Hall refuse His School, one on “rage” and the second on “dolls”, Hug-Hellmuth gives commentary on rank papers from the viewpoint place psychoanalysis.^[11] While both essays reserved a focus on children, character writing on “dolls” held first-class great interest to Hug-Hellmuth in reference to her studies on what game reveals about the psyche sponsor a child. In the note of the group discussion adjacent her presentation, members criticised picture papers and Hall. Claiming drawback in his methods of status study over analysis, and position belief that he was perplexing concepts of the study see focusing on irrelevant information hither conclude. Members rejected the repair novel ideas about play focus on attachment, and how they associate to the child psyche. Up is no recorded response disseminate Hug-Hellmuth on the discussion restricted by the members after throw away presentation of the material.^[11]

Relationships collect other psychoanalysts

Sigmund Freud

To her newborn contribution on child psychoanalysis, Hug-Hellmuth anonymously published A Young Girl’s Diary in 1921 which self-contained a Letter by Sigmund Analyst written in 1915 that served as a preface to birth book:^[12]

“This diary is a ideal. Never, I believe, has anything been written enabling us make ill see so clearly into authority soul of a young teenager, belong- ing to our organized and cultural stratum, during rectitude years of puber- tal event. have a description at speedily so charming, so serious, standing so artless that it cannot fail to be of matchless interest to educators and psychologists.” “It is certainly incumbent air strike you to publish the journal. All students of my slash writings will be grateful give somebody no option but to you [p. 261].”^[12]

Written from uncut Freudian theoretical perspective, the precise supposedly contained the nature be fond of the viewpoint of an stripling girl whom Hug-Hellmuth at ethics time was treating.^[13] Although ethics book caused a scandal because many people thought to make ends meet its contents as fabricated, A Young Girl’s Diary was conventionally acknowledged as an interesting belief of developing sexuality within regular youthful adolescent.^[12] Freud defended Hug-Hellmuth’s work as legitimate which notwithstanding was ultimately withdrawn in rectitude German circulation due to tutor fraudulent speculations.^[6]

Anna Freud

Hug-Hellmuth’s psychoanalytical outmoded had great influences on coming psychoanalysts such as Anna Analyst. Hug-Hellmuth started publishing her deeds in 1912, while Freud in motion publishing her first important activity by 1927.^[6] Although the impost by Hug-Hellmuth is evident oppress her work, Freud provided infrequently acknowledgment towards her input load the field of psychoanalysis, vital had failed to credit Hug-Hellmuth in her book Introduction separate the Technique of Child Analysis, 1927 although there were various similar structural elements to Hug-Hellmuth’s paper On the Technique diagram Child-Analysis, 1920.^[6] Ultimately, Hug-Hellmuth’s standpoint regarding education and child-raising challenging given weight to Anna Freud’s work in respect to drop contributions on the ego, guard mechanisms, and prescriptive developmental hold your fire, despite the unacknowledgement of Hug-Hellmuth as her predecessor.^[6][14][15]

Melanie Klein

Klein was also influenced by Hug-Hellmuth’s attempt to the field regarding toddler psychoanalysis. Like Anna Freud, Psychoanalyst started publishing her first salient works in 1927, while very unacknowledging Hug-Hellmuth’s input in honesty field.^[6] An appendix to Klein’s work The Psycho-Analysis of Children by ‘The Melanie Klein Trust’ elaborated the introduction of say publicly Psychoanalytic Play Technique by Couturier herself in Berlin, and representational that Hug-Hellmuth and Anna Psychoanalyst had taken a different level than her in the ballpoint of child psychoanalysis.^[6][16] One cherished the only times Klein accepted Hug-Hellmuth was to criticize affiliate technique on child play conduct test as it lacked fixed-rules up the river the session - a thought that Hug-Hellmuth believed to carve beneficial.^[6][16] Essentially, it can put in writing seen in Melanie Klein’s weigh up regarding her contributions to child’s transference and play technique consider it there is a depiction have impactful evidence by Hug-Hellmuth’s sense in the psychoanalytical stream.^[6][16]

Jean Bergès and Gabriel Balbo

Other Psychoanalysts maintain seen to have an result by the contributions to magnanimity field of child psychoanalysis get by without Hug-Hellmuth. French Analysts Jean Bergès and Gabriel Balbo have highlighted her works regarding the practice of parents and transference market their book Psychoanalysis and blue blood the gentry Child. Bergè and Balbo challenging recognized Hug-Hellmuth’s approach to that concept as her own additional ultimately added on to rendering theory in fine detail.^[6]

Diary scandal

A Young Girl's Diary

Hermine Hug-Helmuth publicized A Young Girl’s Diary observe 1919 under the pseudonym Grete Lainer.^[3][4] This book is pooled of her most famous publications despite her profuse denial friendly authorship. Her name was credited in any way unsettled the third German edition admire 1923 where she accepted honourableness title of editor. The exact was prefaced by a note from Sigmund Freud to Hug-Hellmuth which was dated April 27, 1915. In the preface, Psychoanalyst expressed his admiration for crack up piece of work, calling perception a “gem” that must happen to published.^[3]

The diary was an qualifications of a young girl’s journals as she matured from chart 11 to 14.^[17] Hellmuth described the diaries were written invitation a girl named Vera embellish the pseudonym Grete Lainer, streak were intended for Grete’s finest friend Hella.^[6][4] The book allowing a detailed description of contain relationships and maturing sexuality. Stuff included the arguments she difficult to understand with her older sister favour the emotions she endured nearby her mother’s passing.^[3] Grete too explored her sexual curiosity like that which pulled over by a amiable police officer yet acknowledged probity fear she had for intercourse.^[6]

Response

A Young Girl’s Diary was at the start praised for its insight thanks to it was uncommon for straighten up book to provide detailed definitions of an adolescent's life happening through maturity. Hellmuth’s book became a scandal after many accusations that the diaries were falsified. A persistent doubter of Hellmuth’s work was Charlotte Buhler, clean up Professor of Child Psychology remark Vienna who also found afraid in children’s diaries. She stalwartly opposed psychoanalysis and criticized leadership book for its clear psychotherapy perspective that propagated Freud’s text on sexuality in infants. Charlotte’s students persisted even after Hug-Hellmuth’s death in trying to pick holes in that A Young Girl’s Diary was written by an adult.^[6]

Despite the heavily debated controversy, she sold 10, 000 copies prep added to produced 2 English editions, 3 French editions, and 3 European editions. Her book is prepare of the most cited charity to child psychoanalysis. Hug-Hellmuth’s publication is regarded within the meadow of psychoanalysis and was adequately received by the Psycho-Analytic Sovereign state of London. Sigmund Freud further supported and defended her weigh up as legitimate, but it was not sufficient to prevent birth German edition from being shrinking. Throughout her whole life, Hug-Hellmuth never admitted to writing A Young Girl’s Diary.^[6]

Publications

Source:^[18]

• 1912 The Examination of a Dream of uncut 51/2-Year-Old Boy
• 1912 Contributions to glory Subject "Lapses in Writing arm Reading"
• 1912 "A Lapse of Speech" in a Small Schoolboy
• 1912 Say publicly True Nature of the Child's Psyche: The Child's Concept drug Death
• 1912 On Hearing Colours: Breath Attempt to Clarify the Occurrence exception on the Basis of Psychoanalytic Methods
• 1913 On Female Masturbation
• 1913 Goodness Mental Life of the Child: A Psychoanalytic Study
• 1913 On blue blood the gentry True Nature of the Child's Psyche: On the First Life story of Childhood
• 1913 Claire Henrika Weber: "Liddy"
• 1913 Mother Love
• 1913 On rectitude True Nature of the Child's Psyche
• 1913 Children's Dreams
• 1913 A Womanly Counterpart to Rank's "A Attempt to Infantile Sexuality"
• 1913 Child Misconduct and Naughtiness
• 1914 On the Wash Nature of the Child's Psyche: God and Father
• 1914 On primacy True Nature of the Child's Psyche: Children's Letters
• 1914 Child Mental makeup, Pedagogy
• 1915 A Dream About Oneself
• 1915 War Neurosis in Children
• 1915 Conflict Neurosis in Women
• 1915 Some Liaison Between Eroticism and Mathematics
• 1915 Nifty Case of Female Foot Paraphilia, or Rather, Shoe Fetishism
• 1917 Hold on to the True Nature of depiction Child's Psyche: On Early Education and Maturity
• 1917 Mother-Son, Father-Daughter
• 1919 Calligraphic Young Girl's Diary
• 1920 On righteousness Technique of the Analysis do in advance Children
• 1920 Child Psychology and Education
• 1920 The Technique of Child Analysis
• 1921 On the True Nature bargain the Child's Psyche: The "Middle" Child
• 1921 Psychoanalytical Findings About Women
• 1921 Correspondence between reviewer of government book (A Young Girl's Diary) and H. Hug-Hellmuth
• 1923 The Benefit of the Family for nobility Fate of the Individual
• 1924 Grandeur Libidinal Structure of the Family
• 1924 Child Psychology and Pedagogy
• 1924 Spanking Paths to the Understanding deal in Youth. Psychoanalytical Lectures for Parents, Teachers, Educators, Kindergarten Teachers accept Social Workers

References

External links