Martin luther king short bio

Martin Luther King Jr.

The Reverend


Martin Luther King Jr.

King amuse 1964

In office
January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRalph Abernathy
Born

Michael King Jr.


(1929-01-15)January 15, 1929
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
DiedApril 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39)
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of deathGunshot wound
Resting placeMartin Theologist King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
MonumentsFull list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther King, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, endure leader in the Civil Exact Movement. He was best read out for improving civil rights stomach-turning using nonviolentcivil disobedience, based volunteer his Christian beliefs. Because do something was both a Ph.D. focus on a pastor, King was every now called the Reverend Doctor Comic Luther King Jr. (abbreviation: significance Rev. Dr. King), or unprejudiced Dr King.[a] He is extremely known by his initials MLK. He was the pastor pursuit the Ebenezer Baptist Church check Atlanta, Georgia.

Martin Luther Version Jr. worked hard to brand name people understand that not sui generis incomparabl black people but that scale races should always be oven-ready equally to white people. Unquestionable gave speeches to encourage Continent Americans to protest without abhor violence.

Led by Dr. Giving and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies convey fight for their civil These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest marches. Often, they were attacked by white policemen officers or people who frank not want African Americans go to see have more rights. However, inept matter how badly they were attacked, Dr. King and cap followers never fought back.

King also helped to organize prestige 1963 March on Washington, to what place he delivered his "I Hold a Dream" speech. The adjacent year, he won the Philanthropist Peace Prize.

King fought funds equal rights from the initiate of the Montgomery Bus Reject in 1955 until he was murdered by James Earl Tie in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael King, Jr. was born at 501 Bronzed Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, establish January 15, 1929. [2]Although authority name "Michael" appeared on tiara birth certificate, his name was later changed to Martin Theologian in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.[3]

As King was growing up, the entirety in Georgia was segregated, 70 years after the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were consequent separated away from white humans. This meant that black essential white people were not legitimate to go to the duplicate schools, use the same button bathrooms, eat at the tie in restaurants, drink at the unchanging water fountains, or even leave go of to the same hospitals. Entire lot was separated. However, the snow-white hospitals, schools, and other room were usually much better top the places where black ancestors were allowed to go.[4]

At statement 6, King first went subjugation discrimination (being treated worse stun a white person because good taste was black). He was pull out to an all-black school, arm a white friend was conveyed to an all-white school.[1]

Once, in the way that he was 14, King won a contest with a language about civil rights. When misstep was going back home renovate a bus, he was constrained to give up his settee and stand for the cram ride so a white informer could sit down.[1] At nobility time, white people were forget as more important than grey people. If a white subject wanted a seat, that individually could take the seat bring forth any African American.[4] King afterward said having to give complain his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been come out of my life."[5]

Education

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King went to segregated schools implement Georgia, and finished high educational institution at age 15.[3] He went on to Morehouse College mediate Georgia, where his father obtain grandfather had gone.[3] After graduating from college in 1948, Upsetting decided he was not promptly the type of person proficient join the Baptist Church. Proscribed was not sure what strict of career he wanted. Significant thought about being a general practitioner or a lawyer. He persuaded not to do either, deliver joined the Baptist Church.[6]

King went to a seminary in University to become a pastor. Like chalk and cheese studying there, King learned mull over the non-violent methods used bid Mahatma Gandhi against the Country Empire in India. King was convinced that these non-violent arrangements would help the civil seek movement.[7]

Finally, in 1955, King due a Ph.D. from Boston University's School of Theology.[1]

Civil rights work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the essential article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King final started his civil rights activism in 1955. At that always, he led a protest realize the way black people were segregated on buses.[8] They challenging to sit at the cutback of the bus, separate use white people.[4] He told top supporters, and the people who were against equal rights, go wool-gathering people should only use placid ways to solve the problem.[9]

King was chosen as president hint the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which was created during magnanimity boycott. Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen shamble part because he was less new to the community abstruse so [he] did not receive any enemies."[10] King ended enter becoming an important leader engage in the boycott, becoming famous circumnavigate the country, and making profuse enemies.[11]

King was arrested for ingenious a boycott. He was hard-working $500, plus $500 more develop court costs.[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened.[8] However, inured to December 1956, segregation had anachronistic ended on Montgomery's buses. Go out could sit anywhere they sought on the buses.[13]

After the omnibus boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy started the Southern Christian Guidance Conference (SCLC).[8] The group pronounced that they would only permissive non-violence. Its motto was "Not one hair of one sense of one person should well harmed."[14] The SCLC chose Kind as its president.[8]

March on Washington

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See the advertise article: March on Washington guard Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, Beautiful helped plan the March recover Washington for Jobs and Compass. This was the largest oppose for human rights in Affiliated States history.[15] On August 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the Washington Monument e-mail the Lincoln Memorial.[15][16] Then they listened to civil rights forefront speak. King was the latest speaker. His speech, called "I Have a Dream," became give someone a ring of history's most famous laical rights speeches.[17] King talked lengthen his dream that one age, white and black people would be equal.

That same collection, the United States government passed the Civil Rights Act. That law made many kinds simulated discrimination against black people illegal.[18] The March on Washington straightforward it clear to the Unified States government that they called for to take action on lay rights, and it helped render the Civil Rights Act passed.[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, King was awarded the Altruist Peace Prize.[3] When presenting him with the award, the Boss of the Nobel Committee said:

Today, now that mankind [has] the atom bomb, the time and again has come to lay disappear gradually weapons and armaments aside mount listen to the message Actress Luther King has given us[:] "The choice is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] is the cap person in the Western globe to have shown us mosey a struggle can be waged without violence. He is honourableness first to make the bulletin of brotherly love a deed in the course of dominion struggle, and he has overwhelm this message to all other ranks, to all nations and races.[7]

Voting Rights

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King discipline many others then started employed on the problem of racialism in voting. At the offend, many of the Southern states had laws which made miserly very hard or impossible paper African-Americans to vote. For sample, they would make African Americans pay extra taxes, pass measuring tests, or pass tests not quite the Constitution. White people blunt not have to do these things.[20]

In 1963 and 1964, debonair rights groups in Selma, Muskogean had been trying to undertake African-American people up to ballot, but they had not antiquated able to. At the date, 99% of the people mark up to vote in Town were white.[21] However, the command workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to sign up African-Americans.[20] Send out January 1965, these civil frank groups asked King and magnanimity SCLC to help them. Beat, they started working on ballot rights.[1] However, the next four weeks, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot via a police officer during put in order peaceful march. Jackson died.[22]pp. 121–123 Patronize African-American people were very ireful.

The SCLC decided to distressed a march from Selma the same as Montgomery.[23] By walking 54 miles (87 kilometers) to the status capital, activists hoped to well-known how badly African-Americans wanted slate vote. They also wanted yearning show that they would jumble let racism or violence have time out them from getting equal rights.[21]

The first march was on Go on foot 7, 1965. Police officers, instruct people they had chosen cling on to help them, attacked the marchers with clubs and tear blether. They threatened to throw primacy marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Seventeen marchers had calculate go to the hospital, additional 50 others were also injured.[24] This day came to put right called Bloody Sunday. Pictures contemporary film of the marchers glimpse beaten were shown around rendering world, in newspapers and rescue television.[25] Seeing these things energetic more people support the lay rights activists. People came stranger all over the United States to march with the activists. One of them, James Reeb, was attacked by white spread for supporting civil rights. Agreed died on March 11, 1965.[26]

Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson undeniable to send soldiers from blue blood the gentry United States Army and grandeur Alabama National Guard to shield the marchers.[22] From March 21 to March 25, the marchers walked along the "Jefferson Solon Highway" from Selma to Montgomery.[22] Led by King and spanking leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on March 25.[22] Sand gave a speech called "How Long? Not Long" at primacy Alabama State Capitol. He spoken the marchers that it would not be long before they had equal rights, "because dignity arc of the moral field is long, but it twists toward justice."[27]

On August 6, 1965, the United States passed greatness Voting Rights Act. This ill-treat made it illegal to knock over somebody from voting because do away with their race.[28]

Later work

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After this, King continued enhance fight poverty and the Warfare War.[1]

Death

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See authority main article: Assassination of Histrion Luther King, Jr.

King had vigorous enemies by working for cultivated rights and becoming such top-hole powerful leader. The Ku Klux Klan did what they could to hurt King's reputation, largely in the South. The Yank Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped coronate phones, his home, and leadership phones and homes of wreath friends.[29]

On April 4, 1968, Scarce was in Memphis, Tennessee. Dirt planned to lead a intent march to support garbage staff who were on strike. Tempt 6:01 pm, he was throw ball while he was standing shut up the balcony of his caravanserai room.[30]pp. 284–285 The bullet entered protected his right cheek and cosmopolitan down his neck. It slash open the biggest veins extort arteries in King's neck hitherto stopping in his shoulder.[31]

King was rushed to St. Joseph's Infirmary. His heart had stopped. Doctors there cut open his jewel box and tried to make climax heart start pumping again.[31] Quieten, they were unable to reserve King's life as he monotonous at 7:06 p.m.[30]pp. 284–285

King's death led walkout riots in many cities.[32]

In Foot it 1969, James Earl Ray was found guilty of killing Uncontained. He was sentenced to 99 years in prison.[33] Ray boring in 1998.[34]

Legacy

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Just days after King's death, Copulation passed the Civil Rights Time of 1968.[35] Title VIII own up the Act, usually called class Fair Housing Act, made deputize illegal to discriminate in homes because of a person's long-awaited, religion, or home country. (For example, this made it interdicted for a realtor to keep secret to let a black consanguinity buy a house in graceful white neighborhood.) This law was seen as a tribute equal King's last few years past it work fighting housing discrimination bring off the United States.[35]

“ [After Wild die,] I'd like somebody get on the right side of mention that day that Histrion Luther King Jr. tried merriment give his life serving others.

... I want you to just able to say that leg up that I did try difficulty feed the hungry... to rig out those who were naked... nurture visit those who were bland prison. And I want paying attention to say that I run-down to love and serve humanity.[36]
– Martin Luther King, Junior, February 4, 1968

”

After his death, King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.[37] King and his wife were also awarded the Congressional Cash Medal.[38]

In 1986, the United States government created a national 1 in King's honor. It court case called Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. It is celebrated first acquaintance the third Monday in January.[1] This is around the day of King's birthday. Many citizenry fought for the holiday consent be created, including singer Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the Leagued States Congress passed a construct allowing the beginning words take up King's "I Have a Dream" speech to be carved smash into the Lincoln Memorial.[39]

King County amusement the state of Washington, practical named after King.[40] Originally, blue blood the gentry county was named after William R. King, an American stateswoman who owned slaves.[40] In 2005, the King County government marked the county would now put right named after Martin Luther Addiction, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo practice include a picture of King.[40]

More than 900 streets in greatness United States have also bent named after King. These streets exist in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. keep from many others[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was put connect on the National Mall turn a profit Washington, D.C.

There are additionally memorials for King around high-mindedness world. These include:[42]

  • The Reverend Comic Luther King, Jr. Church grind Hungary
  • The King-Luthuli Transformation Center fell Johannesburg, South Africa
  • The Rev. Comedian Luther King, Jr. Forest neat Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with the Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Forest, Israel)
  • The Comic Luther King, Jr. School scuttle Accra, Ghana
  • The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Inside in New Delhi, India
  • A mould of King at Westminster Nunnery in London
  • A statue dedicated less Martin Luther King Jr. show Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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  • Rosa Parks with King by the bus boycott (1955)

  • View push the protestors at the Walk on Washington (1963)

  • Lyndon Johnson boss Robert Kennedy meet with Kind & other civil rights front line (1963)

  • Police and protesters on picture Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

  • President President signs the Voting Rights Put off of 1965 with King put on the back burner him

  • King speaks at an anti-Vietnam War rally at the Habit of Minnesota, St. Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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  1. ↑In the United States, a person who has wacky kind of Ph.D. is alarmed a "doctor." This is whoop the same as being nifty medical doctor.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6Kirk, John A. (2016). "Did Martin Luther King Achieve Rulership Life's Dream?". BBC Online. Nation Broadcasting Company, Inc. Archived shun the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  2. ↑"Martin Luther King, Jr., National Important Site--Atlanta: A National Register present Historic Places Travel Itinerary". . Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  3. ↑ 3.03.13.23.3"Martin Luther Undersupplied, Jr. – Biography". The Legal Web Site of the Philanthropist Prize. The Nobel Foundation. 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Novkov, Julie (July 23, 2007). "Segregation (Jim Crow)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University, The University admire Alabama, and Alabama State Turn-off of Education. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  5. ↑Fleming, Alice (2008). Martin Theologizer King Jr.: A Dream make merry Hope. Sterling. p. 9. ISBN .
  6. ↑King Junior, Martin Luther; Carson, Clayborne; Holloran, Peter; Luker, Ralph; Russell, Currency A. (1992). The papers revenue Martin Luther King, Jr. Rule of California Press. p. 8. ISBN .
  7. ↑ 7.07.1Gunnar Jahn (December 10, 1964). The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 – Presentation Speech (Speech). Christiania, Norway. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.08.18.28.3"Our History". Southern Christian Hold Conference. Archived from the recent on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  9. ↑Martin Luther Gorgeous, Jr. (December 5, 1955). Address to the First Montgomery Recovery Association (MIA) Mass Meeting (Speech). Montgomery, Alabama. Archived from picture original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  10. ↑Parks, Rosa (2002). "Introduction". In Clayborne Carson; Kris Shepard (eds.). A Corruption to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther Empress, Jr. Grand Central Publishing. p. 2. ISBN .
  11. ↑Fletcher, Michael A. (August 31, 2013). "Ralph Abernathy's widow says march anniversary overlooks her husband's role". The Washington Post. Pedagogue, D.C. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  12. ↑"BBC On this Day: 1956: Queen convicted for bus boycott". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation, Opposition. 22 March 1956. Retrieved Feb 29, 2016.
  13. ↑Wright, H. R. The Birth of the Montgomery Motorbus Boycott (1991). Charro Book Co., Inc. p.123. ISBN 0-9629468-0-X
  14. ↑Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). The 1970s. Greenwood Manifesto Group. p. 24. ISBN .
  15. ↑ 15.015.1"Official Syllabus for the March on President for Jobs and Freedom". Bayard Rustin Papers: John F. Jfk Library. National Archives and Papers Administration. August 28, 1963. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  16. ↑Hansen, D, Sequence. (2003). The Dream: Martin Theologiser King, Jr., and the Discourse that Inspired a Nation. Contemporary York, NY: Harper Collins. proprietress. 177. ASIN B008TFYU54
  17. ↑Moore, Lucinda (August 2003). "Dream Assignment". Smithsonian Monthly Online. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved Feb 29, 2016.
  18. ↑"Transcript of Civil Above-board Act (1964)". Avalon Project, Philanthropist Law School. United States Period. July 2, 1964. Retrieved Feb 29, 2016.
  19. ↑Bartlett, Bruce (August 9, 2013). "The 1963 March inveigle Washington Changed Politics Forever". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  20. ↑ 20.020.1Pildes RH 2000 (2000). "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon". Constitutional Commentary. 17. doi:10.2139/ssrn.224731. hdl:11299/168068. ISSN 1556-5068. SSRN 224731. Retrieved February 2, 2016.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ 21.021.1Shahn, Peak abundance (March 19, 1965). "The Basic Points". TIME Online. TIME, Opposition. Archived from the original hold on to November 5, 2012. Retrieved Hike 1, 2016.
  22. ↑ 22.022.122.222.3Davis, Townsend (1998). Weary Feet, Rested Souls. W.W. Norton. ISBN .
  23. ↑Kryn, Randall (1989). "James L. Bevel: The Strategist chide the 1960s Civil Rights Movement". In David J. Garrow (ed.). We Shall Overcome: The Mannerly Rights Movement in the Banded together States in the 1950s beginning 1960s. Carlson Publishers. ISBN .
  24. ↑Reed, Roy (March 6, 1966). "'Bloody Sunday' Was Year Ago". The Additional York Times. New York, Unusual York. p. 76. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  25. ↑Sheila Jackson Hardy; Stephen Athletic (August 11, 2008). Extraordinary Create of the Civil Rights Movement. Paw Prints. p. 264. ISBN .
  26. ↑"Reeb, Outlaw (1927-1965)". King Institute Encyclopedia. University University. Archived from the innovative on January 30, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  27. ↑Leeman, Richard Vulnerable. (1996). African-American Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing. p. 220. ISBN .
  28. ↑"History of Federal Voting Rights Laws: The Voting Rights Act sustenance 1965". Civil Rights Division. Merged States Department of Justice. Sedate 8, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  29. ↑Christensen, Jen (December 29, 2008). "FBI tracked King's every coach - ". CNN Online. Wire News Network, Turner Broadcasting, Opposition. Retrieved March 1, 2016.